APA 7th has introduced significant changes to the way in which many resources are referenced. See the tabs above for further information.
The reference list goes at the end of your assignment on a new page, and includes all the details necessary to identify sources for your in-text citations.
In general, APA uses double line spacing throughout the text including block quotations and the reference list. However, depending on the writing requirement of your assignment, different line spacing and other formatting specifications may be appropriate. If you are unsure, check with your lecturer.
An example is shown below.
References
Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water. (n.d.). Understanding climate change. https://www.dcceew.gov.au/climate-change/policy/climate-science/understanding-climate-change
Goosse, H., Barriat, P. Y., Lefebvre, W., Loutre, M. F., & Zunz, V. (2010). Introduction to climate dynamics and climate modeling. Université Catholique de Louvain. http://www.climate.be/textbook
Lewandowsky, S., & Whitmarsh, L. (2018). Climate communication for biologists: When a picture can tell a thousand words. PLoS biology, 16(10), e2006004. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2006004
Zilberman, D., Lipper, L., McCarthy, N., & Gordon, B. (2018). Innovation in response to climate change. In L. Lipper, N. McCarthy, D. Zilberman, S. Asfaw, & G. Branca (Eds.), Climate smart agriculture: Building resilience to climate change (pp. 44-74). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61194-5
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Not sure how to do a hanging indent? Guide for Word (Win), or Guide for Word (Mac). |
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Alleyne, R. L. (2015). ... |
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Williams, J. H., III, & Smith, D.
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Spalding, L. (n.d.). Eating wisely [Pamphlet]. Health Eating NSW. |
Smith, D. (2014a). Care facilities for the elderly [Brochure]. NSW Health. Smith, D. (2014b). Dealing with patient aggression [Pamphlet]. NSW Health. Smith, D. (2014c). Hand hygiene [Pamphlet]. NSW Health. |
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'No date' is abbreviated as 'n.d.' in both the reference list and for in-text citations. Below is an example that show the correct way to alphabetise these types of references in the reference list:
Taylor, H., Carter, N., & Beckett, S. (n.d.). ... Taylor, H., Carter, N., & Beckett, S. (2010). ... University of Newcastle. (n.d.). ... University of Newcastle. (2012). ... |
Below is an example that show the correct way to alphabetise these types of references in the reference list: Smith, T., & Jones, D. (2018). ... Smith, T., & Jones, D. (2020). ... Smith, T., & Jones, D. (in press). ... |
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Note that there is a different between a web page (the part) and a website (the whole). |
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Smith, D. (2019). Hand washing techniques. [NSW Health]. |
If a DOI is listed on either a print or an electronic source it must be included in the reference list entry. |
The link version may also be formatted in some databases as http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2004.03.029 - this should be updated to the newer version of https://doi.org/ |
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https://doi-org.ezproxy.newcastle.edu.au/10.1080/14783363.2019.1576516 would need to be 'cleaned-up' to look like: https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2019.1576516 |
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Confused about which style of brackets to use? Both rounded and square brackets are used in APA, but their usage is strictly controlled. For information on which style of brackets is suitable for your needs, see this guide from APA. |
Be careful to capitalise all proper nouns and names as appropriate. Examples of proper nouns include Facebook, Generation Z, PowerPoint, YouTube, iTunes, and so on. |