APA 7th Style:  Articles

References within articles

Journal articles with no author listed

Move the Title up to the author position:

Reference list examples:

In-text

Every time you paraphrase, or use an idea from another source you must include an in-text citation to that source.
This is the general format for a source that has no author:  ("Article Title," Year)

Note that the comma is enclosed by the double-quote marks, not after them.

If the title is long, you can shorten it for use in the in-text citation.

Example:

Consumers are being more active in managing their health ("Australians Turning to Dr Google," 2016).

Note that the title is capitalised and in double-quotes for the in-text citation, but not for the reference list entry.

The example above is a news article on a single page from a trade/industry journal that has no author listed.

Direct Quotations

If you include a direct quote, that is word-for-word from a source which has no author, the general format of the in-text citation appears:  ("Article Title," Year, p. X)

In order to "avoid face-to-face appointments", 1 in 3 people accessed information online ("Australians Turning to Dr Google," 2016, p. 13).

NOTE: Use "p" when quoting from one page - for example ("Trying Times", 2019, p. 14), and "pp" when quoting from more than one page - for example ("Trying Times", 2019, pp. 14-15).

Journal articles with 1 author

Reference list examples:

In-text

Every time you paraphrase, or use an idea from another source you must include an in-text citation to that source.
This is the general format for a source that has 1 author:  (Author Surname, Year)

Example:

Australian education providers will need to address a number of challenges to ensure standards of special education are fully supporting students with special needs and their families (Dempsey, 2012).

Direct Quotations

If you include a direct quote, that is word-for-word from a source which has 1 author, the general format of the in-text citation appears:  (Author Surname, Year, p. X)

“These films absorb, through a collage of images, traces of the Italian inheritance of neo-realist cinema” (Acciari, 2014, p. 14).

NOTE: Use "p" when quoting from one page - for example (Acciari, 2014, p. 14), and "pp" when quoting from more than one page - for example (Wessel, 2015, pp. 53-54).

Journal articles with 2 authors

Reference list examples:

In-text

Every time you paraphrase, or use an idea from another source you must include an in-text citation to that source.
This is the general format for a source that has 2 authors:  (1st Author surname & 2nd Author surname, Year)

Example:

New technologies need to be evaluated before large scale investment is made by organisations (Marra & Edmond, 2014).

Direct Quotations

If you include a direct quote, that is word-for-word from a source which has 1 author, the general format of the in-text citation appears:  (1st Author surname & 2nd Author surname, Year, p. X)

"The convergence of media means that the dichotomy between old and new media economies is hard to maintain" (Gorton & Garde-Hansen, 2013, p. 298).

NOTE: Use "p" when quoting from one page - for example (Smith & Jones, 2019, p. 14), and "pp" when quoting from more than one page - for example (Smith & Jones, 2019, pp. 14-15).

Journal articles with more than 3 authors

This pattern is used for articles with up to 20 authors:

Continue the above patterns, adding additional authors as needed.  For articles with 21+ authors, see the next tab.

Reference list examples:

In-text

Every time you paraphrase, or use an idea from another source you must include an in-text citation to that source.
This is the general format for a source that has 3-20 authors:  (1st Author surname et al., Year)

Example:

... techniques including visual observations during ambulation on a flat surface (McDonald et al., 2006).

Direct Quotations

If you include a direct quote, that is word-for-word from a source which has 3-20 authors, the general format of the in-text citation appears:  (1st Author surname et al., Year, p. X)

Jorm et al. (2006, p. 4) argue "the key areas for action are prevention and early intervention with first-onset disorders".

NOTE: Use "p" when quoting from one page - for example (Smith et al., 2019, p. 14), and "pp" when quoting from more than one page - for example (Smith et al., 2019, pp. 14-15).

Journal articles with 21+ authors

For 21+ authors, add the first 19, then an ellipsis (...), then the last author:

Note that journal articles are the only resource to have this pattern,  Everything else follows the '3 or more' pattern.

Reference list example:

Note that the above example uses an Article Number.  These are acceptable for APA 7.  For direct quoting from articles like this, use the page numbers (1-...) on the article.

In-text

Every time you paraphrase, or use an idea from another source you must include an in-text citation to that source.
This is the general format for a source that has 3 or more authors:  (1st Author surname et al., Year)

Example:

... techniques including visual observations during ambulation on a flat surface (McDonald et al., 2006).

Direct Quotations

If you include a direct quote, that is word-for-word from a source which has 1 author, the general format of the in-text citation appears:  (1st Author surname at al., Year, p. X)

Jorm et al. (2006, p. 4) argue "the key areas for action are prevention and early intervention with first-onset disorders".

NOTE: Use "p" when quoting from one page - for example (Smith et al., 2019, p. 14), and "pp" when quoting from more than one page - for example (Smith et al., 2019, pp. 14-15).

Journal articles with corporate authors

'Corporate authors' are groups, societies or organisations who have written publications. This includes universities, research groups, museums, government departments, professional associations, and so on.

Reference list examples:

In-text

Every time you paraphrase, or use an idea from another source you must include an in-text citation to that source.
This is the general format for a source that has 1 author:  (Corporate Author, Year)

Example:

Thousands of teachers, principals, early childhood workers and academics have graduated and gone on to make their mark in and out of the classroom in communities (University of Newcastle, 2009).

If an author's name is known by a common acronym (eg. ABS  for Australian Bureau of Statistics, AIHW for Australian Institute for Health and Welfare), include the full name, plus the acronym in the first in-text citation, in the format:

(Corporate Author [CA], Year)

Example:

"Over half of people aged 15 years and older (56%) considered their overall health to be very good or excellent, and 29% stated that their health was good" (Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS], 2009, p. 3).

In subsequent references, include just the acronym:

(CA, Year)

Example:
... 19% of people aged 18 years and over (19%) were current daily smokers (ABS, 2009).

Direct Quotations

If you include a direct quote, that is word-for-word from a source which has 1 author, the general format of the in-text citation appears:  (Corporate Author, Year, p. X)

“These films absorb, through a collage of images, traces of the Italian inheritance of neo-realist cinema” (Acciari, 2014, p. 14).

NOTE: Use "p" when quoting from one page - for example (NSW Health, 2019, p. 14), and "pp" when quoting from more than one page - for example (NSW Health, 2019, pp. 14-15).

Journal articles - Advance publication / online first

Many journal publishers provide access to articles before they have been assigned a volume, issue or page numbers, referring to them as "Advance Publication" or "Online First" articles:

Reference list examples:

In-text

Every time you paraphrase, or use an idea from another source you must include an in-text citation to that source.

For these articles, follow the author formatting for the number of authors involved - for example, for 3 authors, see the tab for that number.

Direct Quotations

Use the pagination on the document, adding "p" when quoting from one page - for example (Acciari, 2020, p. 14), and "pp" when quoting from more than one page - for example (Wessel, 2020, pp. 2-3).

Journal articles - 'In-press'

'In-press' means that the article has been accepted for publication, but not yet published.  These articles are different to the 'online first' article from the previous tab, as the content may not have been finalised.

As this is not the 'final version' of the article, we replace the year with the words 'in press':

Reference list examples:

In-text

Every time you paraphrase, or use an idea from another source you must include an in-text citation to that source.

For these articles, follow the author formatting for the number of authors involved - for the example above (2 authors), we follow that pattern to format the author, replacing the year with 'in press':  (Burrows & Morrison, in press)

Direct Quotations

Use the pagination on the document, adding "p" when quoting from one page - for example (Acciari, in press, p. 14), and "pp" when quoting from more than one page - for example (Wessel, in press, pp. 2-3).

Systematic reviews

Newspaper and Magazine articles

NOTE: Newspaper and magazine articles do not have the same level of scholarly quality as journal articles.  Make sure to check if they are suitable for use in your assessments.

General rules:

Newspaper articles

Article found on the web
Print article, single page
Print article, multiple pages
Print article, non-consecutive pages
Print article, no author
Article from a library or database	Follow the pattern for the type of article as shown in the print examples above

Reference list examples:

In-text

Every time you paraphrase, or use an idea from another source you must include an in-text citation to that source.

For these articles, follow the author formatting for the number of authors involved - for example, for 1 author, see the tab for that number.

Direct Quotations

Use the pagination on the document, adding "p" when quoting from one page - for example (Acciari, 2020, p. 14), and "pp" when quoting from more than one page - for example (Wessel, 2020, pp. 2-3).

Where the article is online and has no pagination, count the paragraphs and use that instead of pages, e.g. (Seber, 2019, para. 3).

Magazine articles and stories

Article found on the web
Print article, single page
Print article, multiple pages
Print article, non-consecutive pages
Print article, no author
Article from a library or database	Follow the pattern for the type of article as shown in the print examples above

Reference list examples:

In the examples above, no volume, issue, or page information is provided.  In these cases, just cite the title of the online magazine and then provide the full access link.

In-text

Every time you paraphrase, or use an idea from another source you must include an in-text citation to that source.

For these articles, follow the author formatting for the number of authors involved - for example, for 1 author, see the tab for that number.

Direct Quotations

Use the pagination on the document, adding "p" when quoting from one page - for example (Acciari, 2020, p. 14), and "pp" when quoting from more than one page - for example (Wessel, 2020, pp. 2-3).

Where the article is online and has no pagination, count the paragraphs and use that instead of pages, e.g. (Seber, 2019, para. 3).

Book reviews

Book review from a print magazine or newspaper
Book review from an online magazine or newspaper
Book review from a journal

Reference list examples:

In-text

Every time you paraphrase, or use an idea from another source you must include an in-text citation to that source.
Follow the general pattern:  (Author Surname, Year)

Example:

... has a certain directness that is pleasing to read (Smith, 2019).

Direct Quotations

If you include a direct quote, that is word-for-word from a source, add a page reference to your in-text citation, e.g.:

“These films absorb, through a collage of images, traces of the Italian inheritance of neo-realist cinema” (Acciari, 2014, p. 14).

NOTE: Use "p" when quoting from one page - for example (Acciari, 2014, p. 14), and "pp" when quoting from more than one page - for example (Wessel, 2015, pp. 53-54).