APA 7th Style:  Books & Theses

References within books and chapters

Books with no author listed

Move the Title up to the author position:

Reference list examples:

In-text

Every time you paraphrase, or use an idea from another source you must include an in-text citation to that source.
This is the general format for a source that has no author:  (Book Title, Year)

If the title is long, you can shorten it for use in the in-text citation.

Example:

Australians see their health as more important than ever (Australian Health, 2016).

Note that the title is capitalised for the in-text citation, but not for the reference list entry.  Both are in italics.

Direct Quotations

If you include a direct quote, that is word-for-word from a source which has no author, the general format of the in-text citation appears:  (Book Title, Year, p. X)

In order to improve their health, 1 in 3 people have at least attempted an exercise regimen (Australian Health, 2016, p. 13).

NOTE: Use "p" when quoting from one page - for example (What Now?, 2019, p. 14), and "pp" when quoting from more than one page - for example (What Now?, 2019, pp. 14-15).

Books with 1 author

Reference list examples:

In-text

Every time you paraphrase, or use an idea from another source you must include an in-text citation to that source.
This is the general format for a source that has 1 author:  (Author Surname, Year)

Example:

Australian education providers will need to address a number of challenges to ensure standards of special education are fully supporting students with special needs and their families (Dempsey, 2012).

Direct Quotations

If you include a direct quote, that is word-for-word from a source which has 1 author, the general format of the in-text citation appears:  (Author Surname, Year, p. X)

“These films absorb, through a collage of images, traces of the Italian inheritance of neo-realist cinema” (Acciari, 2014, p. 14).

NOTE: Use "p" when quoting from one page - for example (Acciari, 2014, p. 14), and "pp" when quoting from more than one page - for example (Wessel, 2015, pp. 53-54).

Books with 2 authors

Reference list examples:

In-text

Every time you paraphrase, or use an idea from another source you must include an in-text citation to that source.
This is the general format for a source that has 2 authors:  (1st Author surname & 2nd Author surname, Year)

Example:

New technologies need to be evaluated before large scale investment is made by organisations (Marra & Edmond, 2014).

Direct Quotations

If you include a direct quote, that is word-for-word from a source which has 1 author, the general format of the in-text citation appears:  (1st Author surname & 2nd Author surname, Year, p. X)

"The convergence of media means that the dichotomy between old and new media economies is hard to maintain" (Gorton & Garde-Hansen, 2013, p. 298).

NOTE: Use "p" when quoting from one page - for example (Smith & Jones, 2019, p. 14), and "pp" when quoting from more than one page - for example (Smith & Jones, 2019, pp. 14-15).

Books with 3 or more authors

Continue the above patterns, adding additional authors as needed.

Reference list examples:

In-text

Every time you paraphrase, or use an idea from another source you must include an in-text citation to that source.
This is the general format for a source that has 3 or more authors:  (1st Author surname et al., Year)

Example:

... techniques including visual observations during ambulation on a flat surface (McDonald et al., 2006).

Direct Quotations

If you include a direct quote, that is word-for-word from a source which has 3 or more authors, the general format of the in-text citation appears:  (1st Author surname et al., Year, p. X)

Jorm et al. (2006, p. 4) argue "the key areas for action are prevention and early intervention with first-onset disorders".

NOTE: Use "p" when quoting from one page - for example (Smith et al., 2019, p. 14), and "pp" when quoting from more than one page - for example (Smith et al., 2019, pp. 14-15).

Books with corporate authors

'Corporate authors' are groups, societies or organisations who have written publications. This includes universities, research groups, museums, government departments, professional associations, and so on.

Reference list examples:

The first example shows a book where the author and the publisher are the same.  The publisher is left out in these cases to avoid repetition.

In-text

Every time you paraphrase, or use an idea from another source you must include an in-text citation to that source.
This is the general format for a source that has 1 author:  (Corporate Author, Year)

Example:

Thousands of teachers, principals, early childhood workers and academics have graduated and gone on to make their mark in and out of the classroom in communities (University of Newcastle, 2009).

If an author's name is known by a common acronym (eg. ABS  for Australian Bureau of Statistics, AIHW for Australian Institute for Health and Welfare), include the full name, plus the acronym in the first in-text citation, in the format:

(Corporate Author [CA], Year)

Example:

"Over half of people aged 15 years and older (56%) considered their overall health to be very good or excellent, and 29% stated that their health was good" (Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS], 2009, p. 3).

In subsequent references, include just the acronym:

(CA, Year)

Example:
... 19% of people aged 18 years and over (19%) were current daily smokers (ABS, 2009).

Direct Quotations

If you include a direct quote, that is word-for-word from a source which has 1 author, the general format of the in-text citation appears:  (Corporate Author, Year, p. X)

“These films absorb, through a collage of images, traces of the Italian inheritance of neo-realist cinema” (Acciari, 2014, p. 14).

NOTE: Use "p" when quoting from one page - for example (NSW Health, 2019, p. 14), and "pp" when quoting from more than one page - for example (NSW Health, 2019, pp. 14-15).

Edited books

Book with a single editor:

Book with 2 or more editors:

Continue to follow the pattern above to add more editors.  Note the 's' added in the brackets for multiple editors

Reference list examples:

Books with no publication date

Reference list examples:

In-text

Every time you paraphrase, or use an idea from another source you must include an in-text citation to that source.

For these books, follow the author formatting for the number of authors involved but use 'n.d.' in place of the year - for example, (Southey, n.d.).

Direct Quotations

Use the pagination on the document, adding "p" when quoting from one page - for example (Acciari, n.d., p. 14), and "pp" when quoting from more than one page - for example (Wessel, n.d., pp. 2-3).

Graphic novels

For a stand-alone graphic novel:

For a graphic novel from a series (common for Marvel, DC, etc.):

Reference list examples:

In-text

Every time you paraphrase, or use an idea from another source you must include an in-text citation to that source.
For graphic novels, follow the author formatting for the number of authors involved.

Example:

Maus views the history of the Jewish people through the lens of a anthropormorphised rodent protagonist (Spiegelman, 2011).

Direct Quotations

If you include a direct quote, that is word-for-word from a source, add pagination to your in-text citation:

When the stray dog found by Hawkeye is identified as 'Arrow' via his tag, Hawkeye suggests that he'll "come up with something better" (Fraction, Aja, & Pulido, 2013, p. 21).

NOTE: Use "p" when quoting from one page and "pp" when quoting from more multiple pages.

Children's books and graded readers

Syllabus documents

Reference works

Translated books

Note that there is no full-stop after the bracket at the end of a reference for translated source.

Reference list examples:

In-text

Every time you paraphrase, or use an idea from another source you must include an in-text citation to that source.
This is the general format for a source that has been translated is:  (Author Surname, Original Year/Republished Year)

Example:

Kitchen transposes bereavement against the life and love that the titular location embodies (Yoshimoto, 1988/1993).

Direct Quotations

If you include a direct quote, that is word-for-word from a translated source, add pagination to your in-text citation:

Yoshimoto (1988/1993, p. 3) suggests that tiles "catching the light" is one of the reasons for the title character loving the kitchen so much.

NOTE: Use "p" when quoting from one page and "pp" when quoting from more multiple pages.

Religious and classic works

Difficult-to-reference textbooks

Pamphlets and brochures (print)

Pamphlets and brochures (online)

Course Readers and Compiled Texts ('Custom Book Editions')

Book reviews

Masters theses

Reference list examples:

In-text

Every time you paraphrase, or use an idea from another source you must include an in-text citation to that source.
This is the general format for a source that has 1 author:  (Author Surname, Year)

Example:

Australian education providers will need to address a number of challenges to ensure standards of special education are fully supporting students with special needs and their families (Dempsey, 2012).

Direct Quotations

If you include a direct quote, that is word-for-word from a source which has 1 author, the general format of the in-text citation appears:  (Author Surname, Year, p. X)

“These films absorb, through a collage of images, traces of the Italian inheritance of neo-realist cinema” (Acciari, 2014, p. 14).

NOTE: Use "p" when quoting from one page - for example (Acciari, 2014, p. 14), and "pp" when quoting from more than one page - for example (Wessel, 2015, pp. 53-54).

PhD dissertations (theses)

Reference list examples:

In-text

Every time you paraphrase, or use an idea from another source you must include an in-text citation to that source.
This is the general format for a source that has 1 author:  (Author Surname, Year)

Example:

Australian education providers will need to address a number of challenges to ensure standards of special education are fully supporting students with special needs and their families (Dempsey, 2012).

Direct Quotations

If you include a direct quote, that is word-for-word from a source which has 1 author, the general format of the in-text citation appears:  (Author Surname, Year, p. X)

“These films absorb, through a collage of images, traces of the Italian inheritance of neo-realist cinema” (Acciari, 2014, p. 14).

NOTE: Use "p" when quoting from one page - for example (Acciari, 2014, p. 14), and "pp" when quoting from more than one page - for example (Wessel, 2015, pp. 53-54).