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Chicago B: Author-Date Style:  Reference list

UON Library guide to Chicago B: Author-Date Style 17th edition

General rules for the reference list

 

Chicago B features parenthetical in-text citations and a corresponding alphabetical reference list at the end of the document. The reference list provides the full details of the sources cited in the text of your paper. See the example of a reference list on the CMOS website.

 

Basic structure of a reference list entry

  • A reference list entry lists the author, date, title, and facts of publication, in that order. See an example here.
  • Elements are separated by full stops; the facts of publication are not enclosed in parentheses. 
  • Authors’ full names are used with the first author's name inverted (last name first), e.g. Smith, Adam, and Daniel Jones. …
  • Titles are capitalized headline-style, e.g. Introduction to Psychology.
  • Titles of larger works (e.g. books) are italicized; titles of smaller works (e.g., chapters, articles) or unpublished works are enclosed in quotation marks. 
  • Noun forms such as editor, translator, and edition are abbreviated, but verb forms such as edited by and translated by are spelled out in a reference list.
  • If a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) is available for your source, cite the DOI instead of URL or database name 
  • Database name or URL: If an online item does not have a DOI assigned, cite the URL if the item is available freely on the web, or cite the database name if the item is located in a library database.
  • Chicago does not require access dates in the citations of electronic sources unless no date of publication can be determined.

 

General rules for the reference list

  • Sources cited in text must appear in the reference list and vice versa.
  • Reference list is arranged in alphabetical order by the name of the author or by the title if there is no author. An initial article (A, An, or The) is ignored in alphabetising.
  • References with the same first author are alphabetised by the coauthors’ last names (regardless of how many coauthors there are).
  • Each entry should be single-line spaced with hanging indent and a blank line between entries.
  • Use “and” before the last author when citing multiple authors in reference list, do not use “&”.
  • For multiple works by the same author, replace the author name with a 3-em dash in all entries after the first, e.g. 

Germov, John. 1994. “Medifraud: A Systemic Infection Untreated." Australian Journal of Social Issues 29, no. 3 (August): 301-04.

———. 1996. Get Great Marks for Your Essays. St Leonards: Allen & Unwin.

  • Include all author names when a publication has up to 10 authors; include the first 7 authors followed by et al. for more than 10 authors.
  • When no date is available, the abbreviation “n.d.” replaces the date, and include the access date to the reference.
  • For works published in the same year by the same author, use letters (a, b, etc.) to differentiate the works, e.g. 

Acciari, Monia. 2014a. “British Asian Music and Its Networks.” South Asian Popular Culture 12 no. 3 (October): 181-188. 

———. 2014b. “The Italianization of Bollywood Cinema: Ad Hoc Films.” Studies in European Cinema11 no. 1: 14-25.

  • For secondary sources, include both the original and the secondary sources in the text, and cite only the secondary sources in the reference list

    •  

    For more details follow the links to each type of sources at the left of the page or use the site index under How to cite ....

    Sample reference list

     

    Reference List                 

    ​

    Acciari, Monia. 2014a. “British Asian Music and Its Networks” South Asian Popular Culture 12 no. 3 (October): 181-188. https://doi.org/10.1080/14746689.2014.983707.

    ———. 2014b. “The Italianization of Bollywood Cinema: Ad Hoc Films.” Studies in European Cinema 11 (1): 14-25.  https://doi.org/10.1080/17411548.2014.903099. 

    Baron, Naomi S. 2000. Alphabet to Email How Written English Evolved and Where It's Heading. London: Routledge.

    ———. 2004. "See You Online: Gender Issues in College Student Use of Instant Messaging." Journal of Language & Social Psychology 23, no. 4 (December): 397-423. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X04269585.

    ———. 2015. Words Onscreen: The Fate of Reading in a Digital World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Germov, John. 2011. Get Great Marks for Your Essays, Reports, and Presentations. 3rd ed. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin.

    ———, editor. 2019. Second Opinion: An Introduction to Health Sociology, 6th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Germov, John, and Tara Renae McGee. 2005. Histories of Australian Sociology. Melbourne: Melbourne University Publishing.

    Germov, John, and Marilyn Poole, eds. 2019. Public Sociology: An Introduction to Australian Society, 4th ed. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin.

    Lamb, Stephen. 2010. “School Dropout and Completion in Australia.”  In School Dropout and Completion: International Comparative Studies in Theory and Policy​, edited by Stephen Lamb, Eifred Markussen, Richard TeeseJohn, and PoleselNina Sandberg, 321-339. Dordrecht: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9763-7_18.

    Levitsky, Steven, and Lucan Way. 2010. Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes after the Cold War. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Lieberman, Evan S. 2005. "Nested Analysis as a Mixed-Method Strategy for Comparative Research." American Political Science Review 99, no. 3 (August): 435-52. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055405051762.

    Chicago B abbreviations used

     

    Abbreviations are used regularly in the reference list and in text citations. 

    • The names of months that are longer than four letters can be abbreviated or spelled out as needed. 

    Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. and Dec.

    • Common academic abbreviations used in the reference list: 
      • ​Where confusion may result, spell out the word instead.
      • The plurals of the noun abbreviations given here other than p. are formed through the addition of s (e.g. chaps. for chapters).

     

      Abbreviations   Terms    Abbreviations   Terms
               app.  appendix

    para.

      paragraph

    chap.

      chapter

    pt.

      part

    ed.

      editor, edition

    rev.

      revised

    et al.

      and others

    sec.

      section

    n.d.

      no date

    ser.

      series

    no.

       number

    suppl.

      supplement

    p.

      page

    trans.

      translator/s

    pp.

      pages

    vol.

      volume
     

     

     

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