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APA 6th Style:  Images, art works, maps, tables, etc

UON Library guide for APA 6th

Images, art works, tables, etc.

Referencing image sources

 

APA uses the terminology 'figures' when discussing image sources. 'Figures' includes the following image types:

  • Graphs
  • Charts
  • Maps (included in sources, not the standalone type)
  • Drawings / illustrations
  • Photographs

Note that tables are a separate designation with differing rules. See the Tables tabs for more information.

Physical artworks can referenced differently, depending on whether an image is being reproduced. See the Physical art works tab for more information.

 

The following are brief guidelines describing how to format figures when reproducing them in your assignments. These guidelines have been adapted from pages 125-167 of the Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. Please refer to the indicated page numbers within the Publication manual for further clarification and explanation.

 

Guidelines for figures:

  • Be selective in what figures, as well as the number of figures you include within your text. Large numbers of figures may prove distracting to the reader. (pp. 126-127)
  • Figures should supplement rather than duplicate your text. (p. 130)
  • If required, include a legend explaining symbols used within a figure. (p. 158-159)
  • Figures must be numbered consecutively in the order in which they appear within the text, in italics, i.e. the first table is labeled "Figure 1", the second "Figure 2", and so on. (p. 128)
  • Include the figure number directly below the figure itself, followed by a full-stop then a brief title. Capitalise only the first word of the title and any proper nouns. The title should be descriptive of the contents of the figure (p. 159-160), e.g. Figure 1. Mother breastfeeding using the deep latch technique.
  • Include within the descriptive caption any acknowledgement that the figure is reproduced (or adapted from) another source. (p. 160)
  • Figures should be mentioned in the text. Refer to each one by the figure number, e.g. (Figure 1), highlighting only the point you want to emphasise. (p. 130, 167)

Figures taken from journal sources

 

If you are including a figure you found in another source within an assignment:

  • Copy the figure exactly as found in the original source, unless you need to adapt it.
  • Acknowledge the original source in-text and within a caption included directly underneath the figure, plus make mention of the figure in your text (either in brackets or as part of your sentence).
  • Note that the format of the reference in the caption is different from the usual APA 6th style used for in-text citations.
  • While students don't usually require publisher permission to include figures in assignments, you should still include the copyright statement.

 

Part 1 - In-text citation:

Cite the article as you would normally and mention the figure in your text.

Levett-Jones et al. (2010) outlined the eight stages of the clinical reasoning cycle (Figure 1), determining ...

 

Part 2 - Caption under figure:

Figure X. Title of figure. From "Title of Article," by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, Year, Title of Journal, volume, p. xx. Copyright Year by Copyright Holder Name.

[Where X above is the figure number in Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc). Copyright holder may be the publisher or the author/s]

Clinical Reasoning Cycle

Figure 1. The clinical reasoning process with descriptors. From “The 'five rights' of clinical reasoning: An educational model to enhance nursing students' ability to identify and manage clinically 'at risk' patients,” by T. Levett-Jones, et al., 2010, Nurse Education Today, 30, p. 517. Copyright 2010 by Elsevier.

 

Part 3 - Reference list:

Reference the article as you would normally.

 


 

Adapting or changing the figure?

 In the caption under the figure change the word 'From' to 'Adapted from' to show that you have changed the original (even in a small way). Using the example above, if we had changed something in the figure, we would change the caption to:

 

Figure 1. The clinical reasoning process with descriptors. Adapted from “The five rights of clinical reasoning: An educational model to enhance nursing students' ability to identify and manage clinically 'at risk' patients,” by T. Levett-Jones, et al., 2010, Nurse Education Today, 30, p. 517. Copyright 2010 by Elsevier.

 

The in-text citation and reference list entry would stay the same.

 


 

Not reproducing the figure?

Follow the standard in-text citation and reference list entry to reference the article.

 


 

Reproduction note: 

The figure above, reprinted from Nurse Education Today, has been reproduced with permission. This notice is separate from the figure so as not to confuse the referencing in the figure caption.

Figures taken from book sources

 

If you are including a figure you found in another source within an assignment:

  • Copy the figure exactly as found in the original source, unless you need to adapt it.
  • Acknowledge the original source in-text and within a caption included directly underneath the figure, plus make mention of the figure in your text (either in brackets or as part of your sentence).
  • Note that the format of the reference in the caption is different from the usual APA 6th style used for in-text citations.
  • While students don't usually require publisher permission to include figures in assignments, you should still include the copyright statement.

 

Figures from books

There usually two types of book sources:

1. Books where the content has been written by the same author/s

2. Edited books with chapters that have individual authors listed

Follow the appropriate pattern for each as set out below.

 


 

Type 1: Books

 

The figure below is taken from an ebook where all of the content was written by the same author. In these cases the full book is referenced, with specific table information added to the figure caption. As this ebook does not use page numbers, the chapter information has been included instead to assist with locating the original.

Note that the ebook has been shared under a Creative Commons License so this information has been added to the copyright statement.

 

Part 1 - In-text citation:

Cite the book as you would normally and mention the figure in your text.

Doyle and McCutcheon (2015) posit that poor-fitting masks are the main reason why many health care providers are exposed to pathogens, suggesting that simple care with mask choice can avoid many issues (Figure 1)  ...

 

Part 2 - Caption under figure:

For a print book:

Figure X. Title of figure. From Title of Book (edition, p. xx), by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, Year, Place of Publication: Publisher. Copyright Year by Copyright Holder Name.

[Where X above is the figure number in Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc). Copyright holder may be the publisher or the author/s]

For an ebook:

Figure X. Title of figure. From Title of Book (edition, p. xx), by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, Year (http://doi.org/DOI or http://URL). Copyright Year by Copyright Holder Name.

[Where X above is the figure number in Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc). Copyright holder may be the publisher or the author/s]

Figure 1. Surgical mask (left) and N95 mask (right). From Clinical Procedures for Safer Patient Care​ (Ch. 1.4), by G. R. Doyle and J. A. McCutcheon, 2015 (https://opentextbc.ca/clinicalskills/). Copyright 2015 by British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT) (Creative Commons).

[This ebook does not use page numbers so the chapter information has been included instead. This will assist with locating the original figure]

 

Part 3 - Reference list:

Reference the book as you would normally.

 


 

 

Type 2: Edited books with chapters

 

The figure below is taken from a chapter from an edited ebook where each chapter has different authors. In these cases the full chapter is referenced, with specific table information added to the figure caption.

Note that the ebook has been shared under a Creative Commons License so this information has been added to the copyright statement.

 

Part 1 - In-text citation:

Cite the book chapter  as you would normally and mention the figure in your text.

Figure 1 shows the physiology of airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) compared with conventional volume-targeted ventilation (Shaw, 2014)  ...

 

Part 2 - Caption under figure:

For a chapter from an edited book (print):

Figure X. Title of figure. From "Title of Chapter," by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, in C. C. Editor and D. D. Editor (Eds.), Title of Book (edition, p. xx), Year, Place of Publication: Publisher. Copyright Year by Copyright Holder Name.

[Where X above is the figure number in Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc). Copyright holder may be the publisher or the author/s]

For a chapter from an edited book (electronic):

Figure X. Title of figure. From "Title of Chapter," by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, in C. C. Editor and D. D. Editor (Eds.), Title of Book (edition, p. xx), Year (http://doi.org/DOI or http://URL). Copyright Year by Copyright Holder Name.

[Where X above is the figure number in Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc). Copyright holder may be the publisher or the author/s]

Figure 1. Airway pressure release ventilation versus conventional volume-targeted ventilation. From "Principles of Mechanical Ventilation," by R. A. Shaw, in R. H. Rimawi (Ed.), Bedside Critical Care Guide (p. 2), 2014 (http://www.esciencecentral.org/ebooks/bedside-critical-care-guide/pdf/bedside-critical-care-guide.pdf). Copyright 2014 by OMICS Group (Creative Commons).

 

Part 3 - Reference list:

Reference the book chapter as you would normally.

 


 

 

Adapting or changing the figure?

 In the caption under the figure change the word 'From' to 'Adapted from' to show that you have changed the original (even in a small way). Using the pattern above, if we had changed something in the figure, we would change the caption to:

 

For books:

Figure X. Title of figure. Adapted from Title of Book (edition, p. xx), by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, Year, Place of Publication: Publisher. Copyright Year by Copyright Holder Name.

For ebooks:

Figure X. Title of figure. Adapted from Title of Book (edition, p. xx), by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, Year (http://doi.org/DOI or http://URL). Copyright Year by Copyright Holder Name.

 

For chapters from edited books (print):

Figure X. Title of figure. Adapted from "Title of Chapter," by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, in C. C. Editor and D. D. Editor (Eds.), Title of Book (edition, p. xx), Year, Place of Publication: Publisher. Copyright Year by Copyright Holder Name.

For chapters from edited books (electronic):

Figure X. Title of figure. Adapted from "Title of Chapter," by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, in C. C. Editor and D. D. Editor (Eds.), Title of Book (edition, p. xx), Year (http://doi.org/DOI or http://URL). Copyright Year by Copyright Holder Name.

 

The in-text citations and reference list entries for both would stay the same.

 


 

Not reproducing the figure?

Follow the standard in-text citation and reference list entry to reference the book or book chapter as appropriate.

 


 

Reproduction note: 

The figures above, reprinted from Clinical Procedures for Safer Patient Care and Bedside Critical Care Guidehave been reproduced under their respective Creative Commons Licenses. This notice is separate from the figures so as not to confuse the referencing in the figure captions.

Clinical Procedures for Safer Patient Care by . R. Doyle and J. A. McCutcheon: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Bedside Critical Care Guide by R. H. Rimawi (Ed.): Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License

Figures from web sources

 

If you are including a figure you found in another source within an assignment:

  • Copy the figure exactly as found in the original source, unless you need to adapt it.
  • Acknowledge the original source in-text and within a caption included directly underneath the figure, plus make mention of the figure in your text (either in brackets or as part of your sentence).
  • Note that the format of the reference in the caption is different from the usual APA 6th style used for in-text citations.
  • While students do not need publisher permission to include figures in assignments, you should still include the copyright statement.

 

Images on web pages

There usually two types of web page sources that include images:

1. Pages where the images have been created by the author of the web page content

2. Pages where the images have separate creator information listed to the rest of the web page content

Follow the appropriate pattern for each as set out below.

 


 

Type 1: Web pages where the images have been created by the author of the main content

 

Where the author of the web page has created all the included content, use the complete web page for the reference list entry and detail the individual image information in the caption under the figure.

The photograph below is taken from a web page where all content has been created by the same author. Note that the photograph has been shared under a Creative Commons License so this information has been added to the copyright statement.

 

Part 1 - In-text citation:

Cite the web page as you would normally and mention the figure in your text.

Figure 1 shows filming undertaken with a patient as part of the production of the second learning module (Interprofessional Education for Quality Use of Medicines, 2016). Based on omission of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis, the module  ...

 

Part 2 - Caption under figure:

If the figure has the same creator as the rest of the web page content:

Figure X. Title of figure. From "Title of Web Page," by A. A. Author, Year (http://URL). Copyright Year by Copyright Holder Name.

[Where X above is the figure number in Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc). Copyright holder may be the author/s or the website/organisation]

Figure 1. Filming of the second learning module. From "VTE Production Gallery," by Interprofessional Education for Quality Use of Medicines, 2016 (http://www.ipeforqum.com.au/photos/vte-production). Copyright 2016 by IPE for QUM (Creative Commons).

 

Part 3 - Reference list.

Reference the web page as you would normally.

 


 

 

Type 2: Web pages where the images have separate creator information listed to the rest of the content

 

Where the web page includes images created by others, it's the images that need to be referenced - not the full web pages.

The photograph below has separate creator information listed so the photograph is referenced, not the full web page. Note that the photograph has been shared under a Creative Commons License so this information has been added to the copyright statement.

 

Part 1 - In-text citation:

Cite the creator and year and mention the figure in your text.

Figure 1 shows the relative size of a baby bat (FS-Phil, 2016). Although small, baby bats are still capable of transmitting rabies ...

 

Part 2 - Caption under figure:

If the figure has a differing creator listed, distinct from the author of the web page:

Figure X. Title of figure. From Title of Work, by A. A. Creator, Year (http://URL). Copyright Year by Creator Name.

[Where X above is the figure number in Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc). Where the work has no title listed, replace with [Description and type of work] - see example below. Copyright holder may be the creator/s or the website/organisation]

Figure 1. Relative size of baby bat to a human hand. From [Untitled photograph of baby bat], by FS-Phil, 2016 (http://wvtf.org/post/during-baby-bat-season-health-officials-encourage-rabies-prevention). Copyright 2016 by FS-Phil (Creative Commons).

 

Part 3 - Reference list.

Formatting of the reference list entry will differ, depending on the information available.

Full information listed:

No creator/author listed:

No title listed?

The majority of images found on the Web could potentially fall into this category, but it’s important to still try and find this information. It’s often under the image or can be found by clicking on or hovering over the image. If you cannot find a title, you can do the following:

 

In the case of our example, we have a creator for the image but no title provided, so we follow the last pattern to provide a description in square brackets. See the Reference list examples below for other types.

 

Reference list examples:

The following examples detail images taken from web pages with separate creator information listed. Note that a retrieval date is not required.

 


 

 

Adapting or changing the figure?

 In the caption under the figure change the word 'From' to 'Adapted from' to show that you have changed the original (even in a small way). Using the patterns above, if we had changed something in the figure, we would change the caption to:

either

Figure X. Title of figure. Adapted from "Title of Web Document," by A. A. Author, Year (http://URL). Copyright Year by Copyright Holder Name.

or

Figure X. Title of figure. Adapted from Title of Work, by A. A. Creator, Year (http://URL). Copyright Year by Creator Name.

 

The in-text citations and reference list entries for both would stay the same.

 


 

Not reproducing the figure?

Follow the standard pattern for in-text citation and reference list entry to either reference the web page or to reference the creator and year as appropriate.

 


 

Reproduction note: 

The figures above, reprinted from WVTF.org and IPEforQUM.com.au, have been reproduced under their respective Creative Commons Licenses. This notice is separate from the figures so as not to confuse the referencing in the figure captions.

FS-Phil image: specific license not stated. Creative Commons Licenses

IPE for QUM image: Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License

 

Maps and Charts

 

There are a number of different types of maps, whether accessed online or in print form. Choose the appropriate one to suit your referencing needs from the list below:

Charts follow the same patterns - replace [Map] with [Chart].

 

NOTE: for maps included as a figure in other sources, see the appropriate tab for the source.

 

When you use a figure/map in your paper that has been reproduced from another source, you must reference the original source three times:

  1. In-text citation, also mentioning the figure in your text
  2. Underneath the figure in the caption.
  3. In the reference list.

See the Figures tabs on this page for more information. An example using Google Maps is presented below.

 


 

Google Maps

 

General guidelines for Google Maps:

  • Use the copyright date as the year.
  • For untitled works, put a descriptive title in brackets, e.g. [King Street, Newcastle, Australia].
  • Put [Street map] after the title as a description.
  • URLs for Google Maps are currently able to be shortened for inclusion in referencing by removing everything from the word 'data' onwards, e.g. https://www.google.com.au/maps/place/King+St,+Newcastle+NSW+2300/@-32.9271211,151.7749822,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x6b731467e49b447b:0xb664e2245b231fa0!8m2!3d-32.9271211!4d151.7771709 (as of November 2016).
  • Maps taken from web sources follow the same general patterns for usage as laid out in the Figures from web sources tab on this page.

 

Reference list general format:

 

Example using Google Maps:

 

Cite in main body of text, mentioning figure:

Figure 1 shows the location of the Library at the Ourimbah Campus (Google Maps, 2016) ...

 

Include caption with figure:

Figure 1. Ourimbah Campus map showing the location of the Library. From [University of Newcastle, Ourimbah Campus, Australia], by Google Maps, 2016 (https://www.google.com.au/maps/place/The+University+of+Newcastle/@-33.3575116,151.3758037,17z/). Copyright 2016 by Google.

 

Reference list entry:

 


 

Other maps retrieved online

General guidelines for maps retrieved online:

  • Use the copyright date as the year if no other date is listed.
  • For untitled works, put a descriptive title in brackets, e.g. [King Street, Newcastle, Australia].
  • Put a description of the type of map in square brackets after the title, e.g. [Demographic map].
  • Maps taken from web sources follow the same general patterns for usage as laid out in the Figures from web sources tab on this page.

 

Reference list general format:

Reference list example:

 


 

Maps in print

 

Cite these as you would a book, with the addition of (Cartographer) after the creator name and a description of the [Type of map] after the title.

 

Reference List format:

 

Reference list example:

 


 

Maps from atlases

 

Cite these as you would information from a book, adding a page or map number as appropriate for in-text citations.

 

Reference List format:

or if no author listed:

 

Reference list example:

 


 

Maps as inserts in books/atlases

 

This is where the map is not part of the normal pagination, rather a removable or fold-out map.

 

Reference list general format:

 

Reference list example:

 


 

Reproduction note: 

The map above, reprinted from Google Maps, has been reproduced in line with Google's Permissions policy. This notice is separate from the figure so as not to confuse the referencing in the figure caption.


Physical art works

 

General rules

For Art works such as paintings, prints, sculptures,etc, the APA format is as follows.

List the following bibliographic details, in order:

  1. Artist [surname, initial(s)] [followed by a full stop]
  2. Year(s) of fabrication in parentheses ( ) [followed by a full stop]
  3. Title of the work in italics
  4. [Medium or other relevant information] [followed by a full stop] eg. [Painting]. [Stencil screenprint]. [Bronze sculpture].
  5. Location of the work [followed by a colon]
    City, Country if not in America. e.g. Canberra, Australia
    But, for US locations, use City, State abbreviation. e.g. New York, NY

 


Paintings (in oil, watercolour, in mixed-media, etc.)

The real painting as hanging in the Gallery, not an online or print representation.

The example below refers to the painting above, as seen in the National Gallery in Canberra. Note that an image of the work is not being reproduced as part of the document, this is strictly a text reference.

Golden Summer, Eaglemont (Streeton, 1889) is one of the best known paintings of the Heidelberg School and has long been recognised as an Australian masterpiece. Painted in early 1889 during a Summer of drought, it was a consciously epic work ...

 

Reference list entry:

 


 

Physical Sculptures and Statues

The real sculpture or statue as shown in a gallery or museum, not an online or print representation.

 

The example below refers to the sculpture above, as seen at the National Gallery of Victoria. Note that an image of the work is not being reproduced as part of the document, this is strictly a text reference.

The sculpture Balzac (Rodin, 1896) is a bronze reproduction, one of many recast by the artist from an original done in bronze and marble ...

 

Reference list entry:

Posters

 

General rules

Similar to cite physical art works, to cite physical posters in the APA format, list the following bibliographic details, in order:

  1. Artist [surname, initial(s)].
  2. Year of publication in parentheses ( ).
  3. Title of the poster in italics
  4. [Medium type] i.e. [Poster].
  5. Place of  Publication
    City, Country if not in America. e.g. Canberra, Australia
    But, for US locations, use City, 
    State abbreviation. e.g. New York, NY
  6. Publisher

 

The general format for citing a physical poster:

Artist, A. A. (Year of Publication)Title of poster [Poster]Place of Publication: Publisher. 

 

Example:

SBS-TV. (2008). First Australian: The untold story of Australia [Poster]. Sydney, Australia: SBS-TV.  

 

Referencing table sources

 

The following are brief guidelines describing how to format tables within your assignments. These guidelines have been adapted from pages 125-150 of the Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. Please refer to the indicated page numbers within the Publication manual for further clarification and explanation.

 

Guidelines for tables:

  • Be selective in what tables, as well as the number of tables you include within your text. If a large number of tables are included it may prove distracting to the reader. (pp. 126-127)
  • The layout of the table should be logical and easily understood by the reader. Select tables with a layout format which emphasises the feature of the data you are discussing.(p. 128)
  • Tables should supplement rather than duplicate your text. (p. 130)
  • Refer to every table within your text by the table number (eg. Table 1), highlighting only the point you want to emphasise. (p. 130)
  • Tables must be numbered consecutively in the order in which they appear within the text. That is, the first table is labelled "Table 1", the second "Table 2", and so on. (p. 128)
  • Include a title (in italics) for the table on the next line directly after the table number (spacing can either be single or double-spaced). Each major word in the title should appear in capitals. The title should be descriptive of the contents of the table. (p. 133) For example:

Table 1
The Difference Between Cue Collection in Experienced and Novice Nurses

  • Include descriptive notes for the table directly underneath the table.Refer to the Publication manual for more details on the types of notes to that can be included.(p. 138-141)

Tables taken from journal sources

 

If you are including a table from another source within an assignment:

  • Copy the table exactly as found in the original source, unless you need to adapt it.
  • The table title and description go above the table.
  • Acknowledge the original source in-text and within a note included directly underneath the table, plus make mention of the table in your text (either in brackets or as part of your sentence).
  • Begin with the word 'Note', in italics, followed by a full stop.
  • The format of the reference in the note is different from the usual APA 6th style used for in-text citations.
  • While students don't usually require publisher permission to include figures in assignments, you should still include the copyright statement.

 

Part 1 - In-text citation:

Cite the article as you would normally and mention the table in your text.

Levett-Jones et al. (2010) suggest that novice nurses tend to ignore context, only following rules to collect cues (Table 1). This leads to ...

 

Part 2A - Description above table:

Table X
Table Title with Appropriate Capitalisation

[Where X above is the table number in Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc).]

plus

Part 2B - Note under table:

Note. From "Title of Article," by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, Year, Title of Journal, volume, p. xx. Copyright Year by Copyright Holder Name.

[Note: Copyright holder may be the publisher or the author/s]

Table 1
The Difference Between Cue Collection in Experienced and Novice Nurses

Table

Note. From “The 'five rights' of clinical reasoning: An educational model to enhance nursing students' ability to identify and manage clinically 'at risk' patients,” by T. Levett-Jones, et al., 2010, Nurse Education Today, 30, p. 518. Copyright 2010 by Elsevier.

 

Part 3 - Reference list:
Reference the article as you would normally.

 

 


 

 

Adapting or changing the table?

 In the note under the table change the word 'From' to 'Adapted from' to show that you have changed the original (even in a small way). Using the example above, if we had changed something in the table, we would change the note to:

 

Note. Adapted from “The 'five rights' of clinical reasoning: An educational model to enhance nursing students' ability to identify and manage clinically 'at risk' patients,” by T. Levett-Jones, et al., 2010, Nurse Education Today, 30, p. 518. Copyright 2010 by Elsevier.

 

The in-text citation and reference list entry would stay the same.

 


 

Not reproducing the table?

Follow the standard in-text citation and reference list entry to reference the article.

 


 

Reproduction note: 

The table above, reprinted from Nurse Education Today, has been reproduced with permission. This notice is separate from the table so as not to confuse the referencing in the table note.

Tables taken from book sources

 

If you are including a table from another source within an assignment:

  • Copy the figure exactly as found in the original source, unless you need to adapt it.
  • The table title and description go above the table.
  • Acknowledge the original source in-text and within a note included directly underneath the table, plus make mention of the table in your text.
  • Begin with the word 'Note', in italics, followed by a full stop.
  • The format of the reference in the note is different from the usual APA 6th style used for in-text citations.
  • While students don't usually require publisher permission to include figures in assignments, you should still include the copyright statement.

 

Tables from books

There usually two types of book sources:

1. Books where the content has been written by the same author/s

2. Edited books with chapters that have individual authors listed

Follow the appropriate pattern for each as set out below.

 


 

Type 1: Books

 

The table below is taken from an ebook where all of the content was written by the same author. In these cases the full book is referenced, with specific table information added to the table note. As this ebook does not use page numbers, the chapter information has been included instead to assist with locating the original.

Note that the ebook has been shared under a Creative Commons License so this information has been added to the copyright statement.

 

Part 1 - In-text citation:

Cite the book as you would normally and mention the table in your text.

Lowey (2015) lists a number of interventions nurses should consider, grouped according to the 'stage' of the end of life patient (Table 1) ...

 

Part 2A - Description above table:

Table X
Table Title with Appropriate Capitalisation

[Where X above is the table number in Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc).]

plus

Part 2B - Note under table:

For a print book:

Note. From Title of Book (edition, p. xx), by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, Year, Place of Publication: Publisher. Copyright Year by Copyright Holder Name.

[Note: Copyright holder may be the publisher or the author/s]

For an ebook:

Note. From Title of Book (edition, p. xx), by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, Year (http://doi.org/DOI or http://URL). Copyright Year by Copyright Holder Name.

[Note: Copyright holder may be the publisher or the author/s]

Table 1
Nursing Interventions for the Stages of Dying

Note. From Nursing Care at the End of Life (Ch. 3), by S. E. Lowey, 2015 (http://pressbooks.opensuny.org/nursingcare). Copyright 2015 by Susan E. Lowey (Creative Commons).

[This ebook does not use page numbers so the chapter information has been included instead. This will assist with locating the original table]

 

Part 3 - Reference list:

Reference the book as you would normally.

 


 

 

Type 2: Edited books with chapters

 

The table below is taken from a chapter from an edited ebook where each chapter has different authors. In these cases the full chapter is referenced, with specific table information added to the table note.

Note that the ebook has been shared under a Creative Commons License so this information has been added to the copyright statement.

 

Part 1 - In-text citation:

Cite the book chapter as you would normally and mention the table in your text.

Gliga, Rimawi, Vahora, and Mazer (2014) suggest differing causes for acute upper GI bleed (AUGIB) and acute lower GI bleed (ALGIB)  (Table 1) ...

 

Part 2A - Description above table:

Table X
Table Title with Appropriate Capitalisation

[Where X above is the table number in Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc).]

plus

Part 2B - Note under table:

For a chapter from an edited book (print):

Note. From "Title of Chapter," by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, in C. C. Editor and D. D. Editor (Eds.), Title of Book (edition, p. xx),  Year, Place of Publication: Publisher. Copyright Year by Copyright Holder Name.

[Note: Copyright holder may be the publisher or the author/s]

For a chapter from an edited book (electronic):

or for table sourced from a chapter in an edited book:

Note. From "Title of Chapter," by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, in C. C. Editor and D. D. Editor (Eds.), Title of Book (edition, p. xx), Year (http://doi.org/DOI or http://URL). Copyright Year by Copyright Holder Name.

[Note: Copyright holder may be the publisher or the author/s]

Table 1
Causes of AUGIB and ALGIB

Note. From "Bedside Approach to Gastrointestinal Bleeding in the Intensive Care Unit," by D. A. Gliga, R. H. Rimawi, Z. Vahora and M. A. Mazer, in R. H. Rimawi (Ed.), Bedside Critical Care Guide (p. 13), 2014 (http://www.esciencecentral.org/ebooks/bedside-critical-care-guide/pdf/bedside-critical-care-guide.pdf). Copyright 2014 by OMICS Group (Creative Commons).

 

Part 4 - Reference list:

Reference the book chapter as you would normally.

 


 

Adapting or changing the table?

 In the note under the table change the word 'From' to 'Adapted from' to show that you have changed the original (even in a small way). Using the example above, if we had changed something in the table, we would change the note to:

 

For books:

Note. Adapted from Title of Book (p. xx), by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, Year, Place of Publication: Publisher. Copyright Year by Copyright Holder Name.

For ebooks:

Note. Adapted from Title of Book (edition, p. xx), by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, Year (http://doi.org/DOI or http://URL). Copyright Year by Copyright Holder Name.

 

For chapters from edited books (print):

Note. Adapted from "Title of Chapter," by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, in C. C. Editor and D. D. Editor (Eds.), Title of Book (edition, p. xx),  Year, Place of Publication: Publisher. Copyright Year by Copyright Holder Name.

For chapters from edited books (electronic):

Note. Adapted from "Title of Chapter," by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, in C. C. Editor and D. D. Editor (Eds.), Title of Book (edition, p. xx), Year (http://doi.org/DOI or http://URL). Copyright Year by Copyright Holder Name.

 

The in-text citations and reference list entries would stay the same for all of the above.

 


 

Not reproducing the table?

Follow the standard in-text citation and reference list entry to reference the book or book chapter as appropriate.

 


 

Reproduction note: 

The tables above, reprinted from Nursing Care at the End of Life and Bedside Critical Care Guidehave been reproduced under their respective Creative Commons Licenses. This notice is separate from the tables so as not to confuse the referencing in the table notes.

Nursing Care at the End of Life by S. E. Lowey: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Bedside Critical Care Guide by R. H. Rimawi (Ed.): Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License

Using figures and tables in PowerPoint slides

Adding referencing information to PowerPoints varies slightly to a document-based assignment for figures and tables as there is often no in-text referencing.

 

Step 1. Work out what you have

Is your figure or table from the web, a book or an article? Look at the information on the tabs above to confirm the basics.

In the example below, we're using an image that has the same creator as the web page hosting it (from the 'Figures from web sources' tab). Note that the photograph has been shared under a Creative Commons License so this information has been added to the copyright statement.

 

 

Step 2. Add the figure/table and its caption to the slide

Add the figure or table to your PowerPoint slide and follow the directions on the tabs on this box to add the caption appropriate for the chosen resource.

For this example, the required caption would be:

Figure 1. Filming of the second learning module. From "VTE Production Gallery," by Interprofessional Education for Quality Use of Medicines, 2016 (http://www.ipeforqum.com.au/photos/vte-production). Copyright 2016 by IPE for QUM (Creative Commons).

An example PowerPoint slide showing the figure and caption is shown below:

Note: If you are resizing the figure to fill the whole slide, you still need to add the caption to the slide. Add a text-box over the image at the bottom of the slide and make the text a suitable colour (e.g. white for dark images). Choose an appropriate text size so that the caption can be easily read, but not so large that it covers too much of the figure.

 

Step 3. Add the full reference

Create a new slide for referencing at the end of your PowerPoint. Add the full reference for your figure or table as directed on the tabs above:

Note: To create the hanging indent required for APA 6th in PowerPoint, follow these directions.

The alternate option is to create a reference list in Word and use a screen capture tool (such as 'Snipping Tool') to create an image of the text. This image can then be inserted into the PowerPoint slide - an image like this will look like standard text, but the formatting will be locked in place.

 

 


 

Reproduction note: 

The figure above, reprinted from IPEforQUM.com.au, has been reproduced under a Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. This notice is separate from the figure so as not to confuse the referencing in the figure caption.

Using figures and tables from other sources when writing for publication

 

If you are including a figure or table you found in another source, and you are WRITING FOR PUBLICATION (for a journal, conference paper, thesis, website, etc) you must:

  • Obtain written permission from the copyright owner to include the figure or table in your work
  • Copy the figure or table exactly as found in the original source, unless you need to adapt it.
  • Acknowledge the original source within the figure caption or table note.
  • This is the case even if you change or adapt something in the figure or table.

 

Figure example taken from a journal article:

An example is shown below using the template for a figure from a journal article. The pattern follows the style of caption for your image source, plus a notice of permission after the copyright statement: "Copyright 2010 by Elsevier. Reprinted with permission.".

For figures from a book source, follow the book pattern and add the required copyright statement and notice of permission.

Note that the in-text citation and reference list entry are still required.




Figure 1. The clinical reasoning process with descriptors.  From “The five rights of clinical reasoning: An educational model to enhance nursing students' ability to identify and manage clinically 'at risk' patients,” by T. Levett-Jones, et al., 2010, Nurse Education Today, 30, p. 518. Copyright 2010 by Elsevier. Reprinted with permission.

 

Table example taken from a journal article:

An example is shown below using the template for a table from a journal article. The pattern follows the style of note for your image source, plus a notice of permission after the copyright statement: "Copyright 2010 by Elsevier. Reprinted with permission.".

For tables from a book source, follow the book pattern and add the required copyright statement and notice of permission.

Note that the in-text citation and reference list entry are still required.

 

Table 1
The Difference Between Cue Collection in Experienced and Novice Nurses


Table
Note. From “The five rights of clinical reasoning: An educational model to enhance nursing students' ability to identify and manage clinically 'at risk' patients,” by T. Levett-Jones, et al., 2010, Nurse Education Today, 30, p. 518. Copyright 2010 by Elsevier. Reprinted with permission.

 


 

Adapting or changing the figure or table?

 In the caption under the figure (or note under the table) change the word 'From' to 'Adapted from' to show that you have changed the original (even in a small way). Using the examples above, if we had changed something, we would change the caption and note to:

 

For the figure

Figure 1. The clinical reasoning process with descriptors. Adapted from “The five rights of clinical reasoning: An educational model to enhance nursing students' ability to identify and manage clinically 'at risk' patients,” by T. Levett-Jones, et al., 2010, Nurse Education Today, 30, p. 517. Copyright 2010 by Elsevier. Adapted with permission.

 

For the table

Note. Adapted from “The five rights of clinical reasoning: An educational model to enhance nursing students' ability to identify and manage clinically 'at risk' patients,” by T. Levett-Jones, et al., 2010, Nurse Education Today, 30, p. 518. Copyright 2010 by Elsevier. Adapted with permission.

 

The in-text citations and reference list entries for each would stay the same.

 

 


Reproduction note: 

The figure and table above, reprinted from Nurse Education Today, have been reproduced with permission. This notice is separate from the figure and table so as not to confuse the referencing in the figure caption and table note.

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